Fig. 5
From: Efficient curve fitting with penalized B-splines for oceanographic and ecological applications

Scatter plot of all data points based on GPS tracking data from Movebank’s “1000 Cranes - Mongolia” dataset. This study uses migration data from August 9, 2018, covering a 1-year period. Maps were generated using RStudio (version 2024.12.0+467), R (version 4.4.1), and the rworldmap package (version 1.3.8) with the getMap function.