Fig. 2

MSG-induced lung fibrosis: role of key cytokines, growth factors, and quercetin in modulating dysregulated signaling pathways (A-G). Quercetin regulates the equilibrium of pro and anti-fibrotic factors in MSG-fed rats (H-M). Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM. Significance level based on one-way ANOVA, P ≤ 0.05. Significance level based on Tukey’s post hoc test (n = 5): NC vs. MSG: a, NC vs. QL/QM/QH: b, QL vs. QM vs. QH: c, QL/QM/QH vs. MSG + QL/MSG + QM/MSG + QH: d, MSG vs. MSG + QL: e, MSG vs. MSG + QM: f, MSG vs. MSG + QH: g, MSG + QL vs. MSG + QM vs. MSG + QH: h [*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001, NS: not significant].