Table 1 ANCOVA results for post-test differences between experimental and waitlist control groups. Baseline measures and gender were included as covariates. Values for experimental and control groups are presented as M (SD). CES = Community and civic engagement; GMS = growth mindset scale. η2p = partial eta squared. *p < .05. **p < .01.

From: Enhancing mental well-being in university students through multicomponent low intensity positive education and the mediating role of civic engagement

Variable

Experimental Group

Control Group

F(1, 109)

p

η2p

Gratitude

5.21 (0.94)

4.93 (0.83)

0.09

0.768

0.001

Counselling Self-efficacy^

2.97 (0.64)

3.21 (0.51)

3.74

0.056

0.033

Prosocialness

3.96 (0.71)

3.69 (0.56)

7.09

0.009**

0.061

CES - Attitudes

5.28 (1.17)

4.97 (0.75)

2.26

0.136

0.020

CES - Behaviors

5.06 (1.35)

4.66 (0.92)

6.98

0.009**

0.060

Physiological Symptoms^

2.52 (1.29)

2.82 (1.05)

2.09

0.151

0.019

Psychological Symptoms^

2.54 (1.07)

3.01 (0.97)

2.09

0.151

0.019

Positive Emotions

4.33 (0.94)

3.99 (0.86)

6.34

0.013*

0.055

General Health+

1.89 (0.54)

1.56 (0.50)

8.78

0.004**

0.075

GMS - Intelligence

3.91 (0.86)

3.49 (0.74)

5.54

0.020*

0.048

GMS - Personality

3.82 (0.79)

3.55 (0.73)

2.79

0.098

0.025

Resilience

4.05 (0.95)

3.43 (0.98)

5.64

0.019*

0.049

Avoidant Coping

1.90 (0.47)

2.03 (0.34)

0.33

0.564

0.003

Problem-Focused Coping

2.97 (0.57)

2.86 (0.60)

2.75

0.100

0.025

Emotion-Focused Coping

2.57 (0.47)

2.54 (0.50)

0.74

0.390

0.007

Insomnia Severity^

1.11 (0.73)

1.67 (0.79)

3.97

0.049*

0.035

^ Indicates measures where lower scores represent better outcomes.+For easier understanding, higher GHQ scores indicate better psychological well-being due to reverse coding of negative items.
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