Fig. 3

An exemplary segmentation result using our cascading U-Net method. It contains 54 droplets out of 11,288 droplets (in total): (a) the experimental snapshot at time = 22.72 minutes, (b) the ground truth, and (c) the prediction result. The presented images (a) to (c) are combined images after going through the cutting process in Figure S2.1 in Supplementary Information 2. The green pixels indicate calcite crystals, red pixels indicate vaterite crystals, and bubbles without both red and green pixels are classified as containing the ACC phase.