Table 1 Recent state-of-the-art QuNNs employing trainable and untrainable quanvolution layers.

From: Deep quanvolutional neural networks with enhanced trainability and gradient propagation

Ref

Trainable quanvolutional layers

Multiple quanvolutional layers

22

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

23

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

24

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

25

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

26

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

27

\(\times\)

\(\times\)

28

\(\checkmark\)

\(\times\)

29

\(\checkmark\)

\(\times\)

Ours

\(\checkmark\)

\(\checkmark\)