Figure 1
From: Development of an electrical current stimulator for controlling biohybrid machines
The impedance of the electrodes-electrolyte system can be described using an RC equivalent circuit. The contact impedance between the electrodes and the electrolyte is described using a parallel of a capacitor \(C_p\) and a resistor \(R_p\), while the impedance of the electrolyte between the electrodes is modeled using a pure resistor \(R_s\). In VCM, the injected charge depends on the impedance, and due to the capacitive behaviour of the system this leads to some undesired overshoots and reduce scalability of the stimulation conditions with BHM dimensions. In CCM the injection of charge does not depend on the impedance but only on the current imposed by the current source.
