Table 2 Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants at Screening.

From: Evaluating a brief smartphone-based stress management intervention with heart rate biofeedback from built-in sensors in a three arm randomized controlled trial

Variable

MT-StressLess + biofeedback

(n = 56)

MT-StressLess

(n = 56)

WLC (n = 54)

Statistics

df

x2/F

p

R2/V

Gender

      

4

7.48

0.112

0.15

 Female (n, %)

38

67.86

49

87.5

42

77.77

    

 Male (n, %)

17

30.36

7

12.50

12

22.22

    

 Diverse (n, %)

1

1.79

0

0

0

0

    

Age (M, SD)

25.39

9.88

23.25

7.27

23.76

6.29

2; 163

1.10

0.335

0.001

Age (range)

18–60

 

18–59

 

18–60

     

Highest education degree

      

10

11.13

0.348

0.18

 None (n, %)

1

1.79

0

0

0

0

    

 Secondary General School (n, %)

1

1.79

1

1.79

0

0

    

 Intermediate Secondary School (n, %)

4

7.14

2

3.57

0

0

    

 Graduate (n, %)

38

67.86

40

71.43

33

61.11

    

 Bachelor or Master Degree (n, %)

11

19.64

12

21.42

20

37

    

 PhD (n, %)

1

1.79

1

1.79

1

1.85

    

Employement

      

6

5.54

0.477

0.13

 Employed (n, %)

4

7.14

7

12.50

2

3.70

    

 Unemployed (n, %)

2

3.57

0

0

2

3.70

    

 Student (n, %)

41

73.21

37

66.07

40

74.07

    

 Others (n, %)

9

16.07

12

21.42

10

18.52

    

Health-related variables

          

 Current psychological/psychiatric treatment (n, %)

4

7.14

5

8.93

4

7.41

Fisher’s exact test

0.859

 

 Current cardiovascular disease (n, %)

3

5.36

3

5.36

1

1.85

Fisher’s exact test

0.701

 

 Currently smoking cessation (n, %)

6

10.71

1

1.79

6

11.11

Fisher’s exact test

0.097

 

 Physical activity per week, in hours (M, SD)

3.90

3.02

3.63

3.72

3.31

3.69

2; 157

0.38

0.687

-0.008

 Experience in relaxation exercises (n, %)

35

62.50

37

66.07

29

53.70

2

1.86

0.394

0.11

Frequency of smartphone use in daily life (M, SD)

4.12

0.95

4.25

0.72

4.19

0.80

2; 163

0.22

0.729

-0.008

PSS-10 at screening (M, SD)

21.05

6.84

23.30

6.49

22.37

6.94

2; 163

1.57

0.212

0.007

  1. MT-StressLess + biofeedback = Mentalis StressLess app-based intervention condition with heart rate-based biofeedback; MT-StressLess = Mentalis StressLess app-based intervention condition without heart rate based biofeedback; WLC = waitlist control; Frequency of smartphone use was assed via the self-developed question “How often do you use your smartphone?”; item range: 1 (very rarely) – 5 (very often); PSS-10 = Perceived Stress Scale.
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