Table 3 Estimated Means for Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures and Overall Effects.

From: Evaluating a brief smartphone-based stress management intervention with heart rate biofeedback from built-in sensors in a three arm randomized controlled trial

Outcome

MT-StressLess + biofeedback (n = 54)

MT-StressLess (n = 53)

WLC (n = 48)

Overall effects (Time × Condition interaction)

M

SE

M

SE

M

SE

df

F

p

PSS-10

      

4, 255.43

3.25

0.011

 Baseline

21.26

0.87

21.15

0.88

20.23

0.92

   

 Post

17.44

0.94

19.38

0.94

19.99

0.93

   

 Follow-up

16.22

0.95

17.23

0.93

18.26

0.94

   

ERSQ-27

      

4, 259.96

4.95

 < 0.001

 Baseline

59.80

2.18

63.74

2.20

62.33

2.31

   

 Post

72.30

2.37

72.66

2.36

63.41

2.32

   

 Follow-up

70.99

2.39

71.16

2.34

63.86

2.35

   

PHQ-9

      

4, 257.96

1.56

0.185

 Baseline

9.91

0.64

9.19

0.64

8.75

0.67

   

 Post

7.84

0.69

8.33

0.68

8.36

0.68

   

 Follow-up

7.83

0.69

7.07

0.68

7.64

0.68

   

WHO-5

      

4, 259.96

3.10

0.016

 Baseline

10.39

0.62

10.94

0.62

11.33

0.65

   

 Post

12.23

0.67

12.17

0.66

11.04

0.66

   

 Follow-up

12.69

0.67

12.96

0.66

11.43

0.66

   
  1. MT-StressLess + biofeedback = Mentalis StressLess app-based intervention condition with heart rate-based biofeedback; MT-StressLess = Mentalis StressLess app-based intervention condition without heart rate-based biofeedback; WLC = waitlist control; PSS-10 = Perceived Stress Scale; ERSQ-27 = Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; WHO-5 = WHO-Five Well-Being Index.
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