Fig. 8

Relative expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in the muscular tissues of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fingerlings fed diets supplemented with graded levels of commercial bile acids (BAs). The relative mRNA expression for (A) ATGL, (B) PPARα, (C) FAS, (D) HSL, (E) CPT−1, and (F) Igf−II. Values are presented as mean ± standard error (SE), n = 3 replicates per diet. Within each panel, bars with different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Gene abbreviations: ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; CPT−1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase- 1; FAS, fatty acid synthase; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; Igf−II, insulin-like growth factor-II. Diets included a control (D1, 0 g/kg BA) and treatments supplemented with 0.10 (D2), 0.20 (D3), 0.30 (D4), 0.40 (D5) and 0.50 (D6) g/kg BA.