Fig. 7
From: Optimizing FCN for devices with limited resources using quantization and sparsity enhancement

Performance comparison of three quantization techniques–Fixed-Point (FP), Lloyd’s Quantizer (LQ), and \(L_2\) Error Minimization–across encoder and decoder layers. The three panels show mean IoU, PA, and MA as a function of bit width. Quantizers are colour-coded for clarity, and encoder/decoder results are visually grouped. Best-performing regions are highlighted to emphasize trends. The \(L_2\) and LQ methods consistently outperform FP across all metrics and bit widths, demonstrating greater robustness to quantization.