Table 5 Feed utilization parameters of Florida red tilapia (♂ and ♀) fed Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract (MOLE) for 60 days pre-spawning and 120 days spawning period, at different salinities.

Female ♀

FI, g

67.7 ± 1.69^a

57.6 ± 0.61^bcd

63.2 ± 4.52^ab

55.4 ± 1.68^cd

64.7 ± 4.13^ab

59.3 ± 1.72^b

52.8 ± 1.5^d

56.1 ± 2.26^cd

0.271

0.006

0.093

FCR, g

1.57 ± 0.02^b

1.37 ± 0.03^cd

1.33 ± 0.09^cde

1.06 ± 0.02^f

1.98 ± 0.06^a

1.45 ± 0.03^bc

1.27 ± 0.02^de

1.21 ± 0.01^e

0.006

< 0.001

< 0.001

PER, g

2.07 ± 0.03^e

2.38 ± 0.05^cd

2.46 ± 0.16^cd

3.08 ± 0.07^a

1.65 ± 0.05^f

2.26 ± 0.05^de

2.57 ± 0.05^bc

2.69 ± 0.03^b

0.239

< 0.001

< 0.001

PPV, %

52.1 ± 2^c

42.6 ± 0.85^e

62.9 ± 4.22^b

74.3 ± 1.39^a

27.5 ± 1.45^f

59.1 ± 1.67^b

45.1 ± 0.516^de

49.8 ± 0.28^cd

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

EU, %

25.5 ± 0.45^b

25.8 ± 1.04^b

27.2 ± 1.41^ab

30 ± 0.81^a

27 ± 1.45^ab

25.9 ± 1.16 ^b

26.2 ± 0.19^b

25.5 ± 0.46^b

0.021

0.300

0.166

Male ♂

FI, g

88.1 ± 0.07^a

73.7 ± 1.06^bc

73.7 ± 5.27^bc

66.4 ± 1.22^bcd

65.7 ± 0.38^cd

64.8 ± 0.83^d

74.3 ± 1.39^b

82.8 ± 4.31^a

< 0.001

0.052

0.003

FCR, g

2.33 ± 0.02^a

1.27 ± 0.04^d

1.44 ± 0.09^c

1.30 ± 0.04^d

2.33 ± 0.03^a

1.64 ± 0.05^b

1.20 ± 0.04^de

1.08 ± 0.024^e

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

PER, g

2.1 ± 0.01^d

2.58 ± 0.06^b

2.26 ± 0.19^cd

2.51 ± 0.14^bc

1.4 ± 0.04^e

2.0 ± 0.11^d

2.76 ± 0.06^b

3.06 ± 0.05^a

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.766

PPV, %

68.7 ± 0.49^a

46.2 ± 0.71^ac

53.1 ± 3.67^b

57.6 ± 1.68^b

32.4 ± 2.97^d

46.2 ± 1.74^c

59.1 ± 0.75^b

68.0 ± 2.75^a

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

EU, %

40.3 ± 0.54^a

32.6 ± 0.59^bc

30.3 ± 2.03^cd

31.8 ± 1.31^c

19.2 ± 1.67^e

27.7 ± 1.27^d

33.3 ± 0.42^bc

35.9 ± 1.41^b

< 0.001

0.017

< 0.001