Table 2 Baseline data for training and validation sets.
Training set (N = 508) | Validation set (N = 127) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Non-MAO | 380 (74.8%) | 95 (74.8%) | 1.00 |
MAO | 128 (25.2%) | 32 (25.2%) | 1.00 |
Demographics | |||
Age (year) | 47.47 ± 9.85 | 48.86 ± 10.91 | 0.21 |
Male (%) | 89 (17.52%) | 18 (14.17%) | 0.18 |
Height (cm) | 171.43 ± 7.89 | 170.44 ± 7.23 | 0.19 |
Weight (kg) | 75.5 ± 13.68 | 74.62 ± 13.41 | 0.67 |
Medical history | |||
Current smoking | 182 (35.83%) | 41 (32.28%) | 0.52 |
Current alcohol drinking | 144 (28.35%) | 36 (28.35%) | 1.00 |
Allergy history | 57 (11.22%) | 10 (7.87%) | 0.35 |
Hypertension | 412 (81.1%) | 111 (87.4%) | 0.12 |
Diabetes | 25 (4.92%) | 10 (7.87%) | 0.28 |
Stroke | 19 (3.74%) | 3 (2.36%) | 0.63 |
Chronic lung diseases | 62 (12.2%) | 12 (9.45%) | 0.48 |
Chronic kidney disease | 31 (6.1%) | 3 (2.36%) | 0.15 |
Chronic liver disease | 25 (4.92%) | 3 (2.36%) | 0.31 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 3 (0.59%) | 0 (0%) | 0.88 |
Marfan syndrome | 9 (1.77%) | 1 (0.79%) | 0.69 |
Coronary heart disease | 33 (6.5%) | 12 (9.45%) | 0.33 |
Prior sternotomy cardiovascular surgery | 46 (9.06%) | 10 (7.87%) | 0.81 |
Prior interventional cardiovascular surgery | 24 (4.72%) | 6 (4.72%) | 1.00 |
Symptom | |||
Mechanical ventilation at referral | 7 (1.38%) | 2 (1.57%) | 1.00 |
Resuscitation before surgery | 4 (0.79%) | 1 (0.79%) | 1.00 |
Altered mental status | 14 (2.76%) | 5 (3.94%) | 0.68 |
Abnormal defecation | 15 (2.95%) | 1 (0.79%) | 0.28 |
Abnormal urination | 24 (4.72%) | 5 (3.94%) | 0.89 |
Chest pain | 481 (94.69%) | 122 (96.06%) | 0.68 |
Back pain | 252 (49.61%) | 64 (50.39%) | 0.95 |
Abdominal pain | 71 (13.98%) | 12 (9.45%) | 0.23 |
Head or Neck pain | 35 (6.89%) | 8 (6.3%) | 0.97 |
Malperfusion | 95 (18.7%) | 24 (18.9%) | 1.00 |
Laboratory results | |||
CK-MB (ng/mL) | 1.32 ± 1.15 | 1.22 ± 0.95 | 0.66 |
RBC (×1012/L) | 3.95 ± 0.76 | 3.95 ± 0.74 | 0.96 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 120.39 ± 23.03 | 119.35 ± 23.24 | 0.91 |
WBC (×109/L) | 10.08 ± 3.88 | 10.03 ± 3.94 | 0.87 |
Neutrophil (%) | 79.29 ± 10.66 | 77.82 ± 14.78 | 0.89 |
Platelet (×109/L) | 173.76 ± 69.84 | 170.43 ± 77.52 | 0.32 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 26.3 ± 11.23 | 25.1 ± 10.27 | 0.80 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 23.7 ± 10.75 | 22.8 ± 10.59 | 0.64 |
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 18.98 ± 13.68 | 17.73 ± 12.58 | 0.53 |
Direct bilirubin (µmol/L) | 7.25 ± 5.3 | 6.53 ± 4.38 | 0.10 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 89.1 ± 36.76 | 90.2 ± 35.23 | 0.79 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 6.88 ± 3.56 | 7.48 ± 4.16 | 0.24 |
Uric acid (µmol/L) | 424.1 ± 280.09 | 384.63 ± 138.36 | 0.36 |
Albumin (g/L) | 38.04 ± 4.63 | 37.3 ± 4.6 | 0.16 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 97.56 ± 29.27 | 98.69 ± 29.42 | 0.27 |
D-dimer (mg/L) | 2.34 (0.82–10.56) | 2.53 (1.13–11.12) | 0.34 |
APTT (sec) | 29.25 ± 4.28 | 29.35 ± 4.77 | 0.91 |
INR | 1.18 ± 0.34 | 1.2 ± 0.36 | 0.37 |
Image results | |||
Severe aortic regurgitation (%) | 114 (22.44%) | 34 (26.77%) | 0.36 |
Large pericardial effusion (%) | 19 (3.74%) | 7 (5.51%) | 0.52 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 61.68 ± 7.02 | 61.66 ± 6.02 | 0.70 |
LVEDD (mm) | 50.77 ± 8.99 | 49.69 ± 7.39 | 0.46 |
Ascending aorta diameter (mm) | 45.27 ± 7.33 | 44.8 ± 8.02 | 0.36 |
Procedure type | |||
Aortic root repair | 42 (8.27%) | 9 (7.09%) | 0.80 |
Wheat | 4 (0.79%) | 3 (2.36%) | 0.30 |
David | 20 (3.94%) | 7 (5.51%) | 0.59 |
Bentall | 110 (21.65%) | 32 (25.2%) | 0.46 |
CABG | 52 (10.24%) | 17 (13.39%) | 0.39 |
Septal defect repair | 8 (1.57%) | 1 (0.79%) | 0.80 |
Mitral Tricuspid valve replacement | 3 (0.59%) | 3 (2.36%) | 0.18 |
Valvuloplasty | 18 (3.54%) | 3 (2.36%) | 0.70 |
