Table 9 Comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.

¹⁷

Convolutional neural networks

1

Acc: 75%

¹⁸

SVM

1

Acc: 85.9%

²¹

Inception-ResNet-v2

2

Acc: 72.33% and 82.18%

²⁶

Ensemble learning + CNN

1

F1-score: 80.8%

²³

Modified Xception Architecture

1

Acc: 83.09

This study

Random Forest + advanced feature engineering

9

Acc: 80.4