Table 1 National and Shandong provincial policies and technical guidelines for ultra-low energy residential buildings.
Level | Year | Document title | Key contents |
|---|---|---|---|
National | 2015 | Technical guidelines for passive ultra-low energy green buildings (residential) | Defined features of ultra-low energy green buildings; established energy consumption and air tightness indicators; provided technical guidance, acceptance criteria, and evaluation standards |
2019 | Technical standard for zero energy buildings | Comprehensive regulations for ultra-low energy building technologies, including indoor environmental parameters, energy efficiency metrics, and building air tightness | |
Shandong | 2016 | Design standard for passive ultra-low energy residential buildings | Regulated building envelope design, thermal bridge-free design, air tightness design, shading design; provided calculation methods for heating, cooling, and primary energy demand |
2023 | Guidelines for high-quality residential development in Shandong (2023) | Promoted refined construction and meticulous management; implemented green and healthy, smart technology, and age-friendly development concepts and standards | |
Qingdao | 2020 | Special plan for green buildings and ultra-low energy residential development in Qingdao (2021–2025) | Advanced high-quality development of green buildings, ultra-low energy buildings, and prefabricated buildings; outlined development goals and measures |
