Table 2 Overview of existing issues in existing residential buildings.
Component | Existing issues | |
|---|---|---|
Exterior | Exterior walls | 240 mm thick solid clay bricks with exposed brickwork or painted/tiled finishes; no insulation or poor thermal performance |
Windows | Steel-framed single-glazed windows with poor air tightness and high thermal transmittance (U-value); some replaced with double-glazed windows but still insufficient insulation | |
Roof | Reinforced concrete slabs with no insulation layer; some retrofitted with insulation or ventilated insulation layers, but thermal performance remains inadequate | |
Interior | Partition walls | 120 or 240 mm thick solid clay bricks with low thermal resistance |
Entrance doors | Predominantly steel doors with poor thermal insulation performance |
