Table 14 Blockchain performance metrics.
Blockchain parameter | Value | Justification |
|---|---|---|
Platform | Ethereum (Private Network) | Widely adopted, customizable for healthcare-specific use cases |
Consensus mechanism | Proof of Authority (PoA) | Faster block validation with known validators |
Average transaction cost | 0.002 ETH (≈ $0.36 USD) | Minimal due to internal private network |
Block generation time | 3.1 s | Suitable for periodic model update transactions |
Update latency (end-to-end) | 5.4 s | Includes hashing, packaging, and confirmation |
Smart contract gas usage | 21,000 gas units | Standard cost for model update hash commitment |
Average transaction latency | 1.2 s/round | Ensures timely verification in FL cycles |
Blockchain throughput | 97 transactions/sec | High enough to handle multiple hospital updates without congestion |
Hashing algorithm | SHA-256 | Secure and widely used in healthcare blockchain applications |
Storage cost per round | ~ 3.8 KB/node | Lightweight ledger design ensures scalability |
Nodes (hospitals) participating | 5 | Reflects a practical deployment scenario in regional or inter-hospital settings |
