Table 3 Analysis of synthetic data impact and domain generalization.

From: A federated learning-based privacy-preserving image processing framework for brain tumor detection from CT scans

Metric

Real CT only

Real CT + Synthetic MRI (CycleGAN)

Difference (%)

Accuracy

0.9721 ± 0.006

0.9745 ± 0.005

+ 0.24

Precision

0.9653 ± 0.007

0.9678 ± 0.006

+ 0.25

Sensitivity

0.9740 ± 0.005

0.9763 ± 0.004

+ 0.23

F1-score

0.9695 ± 0.006

0.9718 ± 0.005

+ 0.23

Domain discrepancy (MMD)*

0.045 ± 0.003

0.042 ± 0.002

-0.003

  1. *Maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) measures domain distance between real and synthetic data.
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