Table 32 Statistical analysis on the impact of blockchain technology.

From: A federated learning-based privacy-preserving image processing framework for brain tumor detection from CT scans

Diagnostic metric

With blockchain

Without blockchain

p-value

Statistical significance

Early detection rate (%)

96.8

92.4

0.021

Significant

False positive rate (%)

1.1

3.9

0.008

Highly significant

False negative rate (%)

0.9

2.6

0.014

Significant

Diagnostic confidence score (/5)

4.7

3.9

0.003

Highly significant

Radiologist agreement (%)

94.2

88.1

0.038

Significant

Diagnostic consistency (%)

97.3

93

0.03

Significant

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