Table 7 Ablation study of optimization techniques.

From: A federated learning-based privacy-preserving image processing framework for brain tumor detection from CT scans

Algorithm

Accuracy (%)

F1-score

Feature reduction rate (%)

Convergence iterations

Fitness score

GTO

94.82

0.942

37.4

56

0.875

HBA

95.05

0.948

33.2

59

0.881

HGBO

96.42

0.965

28.6

51

0.902