Table 1 Clinical variables of patients with or without arterial stiffness undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

From: Serum big endothelin-1 is a significant biomarker of arterial stiffness in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Characteristic

All participants

(n = 90)

Control group

(n = 60)

Arterial stiffness group

(n = 30)

p value

Age (years)

64.34 ± 9.76

61.75 ± 10.32

69.53 ± 5.80

< 0.001*

Height (cm)

162.87 ± 7.23

162.55 ± 7.66

163.50 ± 6.36

0.561

Body weight (kg)

70.92 ± 11.47

72.28 ± 11.93

68.20 ± 10.13

0.112

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.69 ± 3.57

27.30 ± 3.65

25.46 ± 3.10

0.020*

Male, n (%)

71 (78.9)

45 (75.0)

26 (86.7)

0.201

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

43 (47.8)

24 (40.0)

19 (63.3)

0.037*

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

136.43 ± 20.51

130.52 ± 15.04

148.27 ± 24.77

< 0.001*

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.69 ± 11.18

78.97 ± 11.65

84.13 ± 9.44

0.038*

Hypertension, n (%)

40 (44.4)

22 (36.7)

18 (60.0)

0.036*

Statin, n (%)

71 (78.9)

48 (80.0)

23 (76.7)

0.715

Fibrate, n (%)

6 (6.7)

5 (8.3)

1 (3.3)

0.370

cfPWV (m/s)

9.53 ± 2.60

7.96 ± 1.28

12.67 ± 1.44

< 0.001*

CABG operation duration (months)

27.47 (13.27–58.79)

27.34 (14.00–56.93)

30.04 (4.48–64.63)

0.928

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

150.65 ± 33.38

149.11 ± 28.10

153.74 ± 42.41

0.538

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

122.50 (97.00–160.25)

123.00 (97.00–166.50)

115.00 (98.50–160.25)

0.905

HDL-C (mg/dL)

42.87 ± 10.03

43.42 ± 9.91

41.77 ± 10.35

0.465

LDL-C (mg/dL)

97.09 ± 30.33

97.05 ± 28.65

97.17 ± 33.95

0.986

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

106.00 (96.00–140.00)

105.50 (95.25–139.25)

106.00 (96.00–140.25)

0.881

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

15.00 (13.00–20.00)

15.00 (13.00–20.00)

15.50 (13.00–20.00)

0.949

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.00 (0.80–1.20)

0.90 (0.80–1.20)

1.00 (0.90–1.13)

0.192

eGFR (mL/min)

75.11 ± 20.98

77.09 ± 22.48

71.17 ± 17.26

0.209

Total calcium (mg/dL)

8.72 (8.40–9.04)

8.70 (8.46–9.03)

8.82 (8.36–9.12)

0.641

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

3.49 ± 0.61

3.51 ± 0.59

3.46 ± 0.66

0.721

BigET-1 (pg/mL)

0.59 ± 0.38

0.47 ± 0.31

0.82 ± 0.39

< 0.001*

  1. Values for continuous variables are shown as means ± standard deviation and analyzed using Student’s t test, and variables not normally distributed are shown as medians with interquartile ranges and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Values presented as numbers (%) are analyzed using the chi-square test. BigET-1, big endothelin-1; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; cfPWV, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. * p < 0.05.
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