Fig. 1

An example of a differential expression study and Functional enrichment study based on DEGs. (A) Heatmap displaying the top fifty DEGs of up-down genes. (B) The 50 up-regulated and 50 down regulated genes with the largest differential changes are represented by heatmaps. (C) Volcano plots of DEG distributions contained within the TCGA dataset. (D) Functional enrichment analysis was visualized using circle plots. In this circle graph, the outer circle represents significantly enriched pathway IDS, and different colors represent different go (gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes) types. The second circle represents the proportion of target pathway genes in the total pathway genes. The color depth represents the significance p value. The darker the color, the smaller the p value, indicating the higher significance of enrichment. The third circle represents the proportion of genes enriched in the target pathway in the differential gene list to the total genes in the gene list, which can reflect the coverage of differential genes in the target pathway. The inner circle represents rich factor, which is the ratio of the number of enriched genes to the total number of genes, and can reflect the enrichment degree of the target pathway. (E) Functional enrichment analysis included KEGG pathway enrichment results and go term enrichment results of differentially upregulated genes, and KEGG pathway enrichment results and go term enrichment results of differentially downregulated genes.