Table 3 Cognitive test results.
Test name | Scores, N (%) or mean (SD)/median (range) | Normative values (where available) and interpretation of participant data (in bold) |
|---|---|---|
MMSE | 29.0 (1.1)/29 (27–30) | ≥ 24 or 25/30 widely considered within normal limits (Salis et al., 2021) All participants within normal limits |
HVLT-R | HVLT-R Overall T score: 300.1 (56.1)/290 (166–398) | The overall T score had a possible range of ≤ 140 through to ≥ 560 Participants had low-to-average performance |
COWAT | 43.2 (11.1)/42 (21–62) (post-adjustment scores) | Mean COWAT score of 40.1 (SD = 10.5) in age- and education-matched normative data (Ruff et al., 1996) Participants had a slightly higher overall performance compared to the normative sample |
TMT | Combined A + B: 118.9 s (52.6)/99 s (74–196 s) | Normative 50th percentile (i.e., median) scores for Part A range from 23 s for the 25–34 years old group up to 38 s for the 70–74 years old group; for Part B, the equivalent 50th percentile scores range from 50 s for the 25–34 years old group to 97 s for the 70–74 years old group (Tombaugh, 2004) At a high level, participant median Part A and B TMT scores were not markedly deranged from the normative samples |
Stroop Test (Victoria version) | Stroop interference ratio 1.9 (0.4)/1.9 (1.4–2.9) | Normative data from a cohort of 272 healthy, community-dwelling adults aged 18–94 years (mean education 13 years, 64% females) living in Canada: mean (SD) of 2.0 (0.6) in the 18–39 year olds to 2.7 (1.0) in the 70–79 year olds (Troyer et al., 2006) Overall participant performance at least in keeping with normative averages |
Hayling Sentence Completion Test | Hayling Overall Scaled Score, n (%): 10 (very superior) = 0 9 (superior) = 0 8 (good) = 1 (4.8%) 7 (high average) = 1 (4.8%) 6 (average) = 16 (76.2%) 5 (moderate average) = 2 (9.5%) 4 (low average) = 1 (4.8%) 3 (poor) = 0 2 (abnormal) = 0 1 (impaired) = 0 | As indicated by the key words accompanying scores (see left), the majority of participants had “average” performance |
Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test | Brixton Scaled Score, n (%): 10 (very superior) = 1 (4.8%) 9 (superior) = 0 8 (good) = 1 (4.8%) 7 (high average) = 5 (23.8%) 6 (average) = 7 (33.3%) 5 (moderate average) = 2 (9.5%) 4 (low average) = 1 (4.8%) 3 (poor) = 1 (4.8%) 2 (abnormal) = 2 (9.5%) 1 (impaired) = 1 (4.8%) | As indicated by the key words accompanying scores (see left), the majority of participants had “average” performance |
