Fig. 8
From: ProWaste for proactive urban waste management using IoT and machine learning

Performance of the decisive BPSO-Decision-Tree model. (a) Confusion matrix on the hold-out test set. (b) Mean best-fitness trajectory (average of the twenty 100-iteration runs). (c) Bar chart of Accuracy, Balanced Accuracy, and macro-F1 obtained with the decisive subset. (d) Final feature subset selected by BPSO.