Fig. 5

Master chronologies of linear extension rates (a), skeletal density (b), calcification rates (c), and sea surface temperature maximum (SSTmax) from 1917–2020. The vertical lines indicate the standard deviation. The vertical red bars represent mass bleaching events documented in the wider Caribbean (Glynn, 1991; Eakin et al., 2010, 2022; Muñiz-Castillo et al., 2019). Boxplots (d) show the SSTmax values from two periods: 1920–2000 and 2001–2020.