Table 2 Basic multi-peak problem functions.
From: IWOA-LSTM based intrinsic structural identification of steel fiber concrete
Function | D | Search space | \(\it \:{\text{f}}_{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}\) |
|---|---|---|---|
\(\:{f}_{6}=\sum\:_{i=1}^{n}{\left([{x}_{i}+0.5]\right)}^{2}\) | 30 | \(\:{\left[-\text{100,100}\right]}^{D}\) | 0 |
\(\:{f}_{7}\left(x\right)={\sum\:}_{i=1}^{n}i{{x}_{i}}^{4}+random\left[\text{0,1}\right)\) | 30 | \(\:{\left[-\text{1.28,1.28}\right]}^{D}\) | 0 |
\(\:{f}_{9}\left(x\right)={\sum\:}_{i=1}^{n}\left[{x}_{i}^{2}-10{cos}\left(2\pi\:{x}_{i}\right)+10\right]\) | 30 | [−5.12,5.12]D | 0 |
\(\:{f}_{10}\left(x\right)=-20{exp}(-0.2\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}{\sum\:}_{i=1}^{n}{{x}_{i}}^{2}})-{exp}(\frac{1}{n}{\sum\:}_{i=1}^{n}{cos}(2\pi\:{x}_{i}\left)\right)+20+e\) | 30 | \(\:{\left[-\text{32,32}\right]}^{D}\) | 0 |
\(\:{f}_{11}\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{4000}\sum\:_{i=1}^{n}{x}_{i}^{2}-\prod\:_{i=1}^{n}{cos}\left(\frac{{x}_{i}}{\sqrt{i}}\right)+1\) | 30 | \(\:{\left[-\text{600,600}\right]}^{D}\) | 0 |
