Table 1 Hierarchical structure of the proposed model.

From: Online optimization of continuous casting cutting

Level

Model content

Modeling method

1

Calculation of minimum cutting loss for a given number of usable billets (k)

Analytical modeling

2

Optimal cutting model for a steel billet with a fixed total length, also applicable to billet tail cutting

Analytical modeling, computational enumeration

3

Optimal cutting model for a steel billet with a fixed total length containing abnormal segments

Analytical modeling

4

Dynamic optimal cutting model

Analytical modeling, computational enumeration

  1. Level 1 is a sub-model of Level 2, Level 2 is a sub-model of Level 3, and Level 3 is a sub-model of Level 4, forming a nested structure.