Fig. 7 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 7

From: Operando visualization of water distribution hysteresis under temperature cycling in polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Fig. 7

Schematic of the operando synchrotron X-ray CT system equipped with a forced cooling unit. The figure was generated using Siemens Solid Edge 2023 (version 2210.0010)49. The operando cell is mounted on a high-speed rotation stage within a sealed chamber to enable imaging during fuel cell operation. A cooled gas supply and forced convection cooling unit enable rapid and controllable temperature cycling of the operando cell, down to subzero conditions. Exhaust lines are integrated to remove reaction and cooling gases. This setup allows for operando observation of water dynamics under realistic cold-start and transient thermal conditions.

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