Fig. 1

Threshold cycle (Ct) and ∆Ct values for candidate reference genes of interest in this study. (a) Boxplots represent the median (black horizontal line), 25th and 75th percentile (boxes), and minimum and maximum (vertical lines) of raw Ct values for each refence gene. Comparison of ∆Ct values between all (b) uninfiltrated and VIGS-infiltrated plants, (c) uninfested and aphid-infested plants and (d) plants 14- and 21 days post-infestation. Horizontal lines with asterisks indicate significant differences in ∆Ct values from linear mixed effects models comparing experimental conditions for each reference gene. Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p values are denoted by: ** < 0.01; *** < 0.001.