Fig. 2

Functional characterization, screening, and modeling of DEGs in BLCA for ARGS model construction. A, B Heatmaps illustrating differential expression levels of DEGs between BLCA samples and normal bladder tissues; Volcano plots depicting expression fold-changes of DEGs. C, D Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs using GO and KEGG. E, F Unicox and LASSO regression were used to screen prognostic risk genes for BLCA, which were then utilized to construct the ARGS model. G Stratification of BLCA patients into high-risk and low-risk subgroups based on prognostic genes, with comparative analysis of gene expression patterns between subgroups.