Table 5 Four-actor symbiosis pattern under the mutualistic symbiosis between the digital platform and three-actor.

From: Numerical simulation and governance framework for multi stakeholder symbiotic evolution in digital innovation ecosystems

Inter-population dynamics

Value of symbiosis coefficient

Equilibrium value

Improvement ratio

Mutualistic symbiosis

α12 = 0.25; α13 = 0.1; α14 = 0.2

x1 = 1795

x1 = 16.95%

α21 = 0.1; α23 = 0.2; α24 = 0.1

x2 = 1574

x2 = 14.74%

α31 = 0.05; α32 = 0.1; α34 = 0.05

x3 = 1308

x3 = 12.08%

α41 = 0.05; α42 = 0.1; α43 = 0.1

x4 = 1364

x4 = 12.64%

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