Fig. 3
From: Specific energy reduction in a semi-autogenous grinding mill circuit by an automatic control system

Generic representation of a feedback closed-loop system. The variables y and \(y_{sp}\) are the controlled variable and corresponding setpoint, respectively; \(y_m\) is the measured value of the controlled variable, here assumed \(y_m=y\); e is the error between the setpoint and the controlled variable; and u is the control action.