Fig. 5

Ca²⁺ activity in CA3 and S1 astrocytes under optogenetic activation of MS/vDB GABAergic neurons regulates SE. (a) Scheme of experiments and representative sagittal image of DIO-mCherry expression in the MS/vDB and with blue light stimulation. Scale bar, 50 μm. (b) Timeline of calcium signals collection during blue light stimulation of the MS/vDB. (c) Representative calcium signals (ΔF/F) of CA3 and S1 astrocytes 90 min after KA i.p. in the Vgat-mCherry group (n = 6). Gray shading indicates GS occurrence. The horizontal dashed line represents the baseline level of CA3 and S1 calcium signals. Unidirectional dashed arrow represents the onset and offset of baseline-rising in S1. Bidirectional solid arrows represent the amplitude of AHP-like event in CA3. (d) Representative calcium signals (ΔF/F) of CA3 and S1 astrocytes 90 min after KA i.p. in the Vgat-ChR2 group (n = 7). The horizontal dashed line represents the baseline level of CA3 and S1 calcium signals. Unidirectional dashed arrow represents the onset and offset of baseline-rising in CA3 and S1. Bidirectional solid arrows represent the amplitude of AHP-like event in CA3. (e–i) Effects of blue light stimulation of MS/vDB GABAergic neurons on survival and death in mice (e), Maximum seizure stage (f), The number of astrocyte calcium wave in CA3 and S1 after KA i.p. (g), Number of GSs (h), The latency to 1st-GS (i). (j–l) Effects of blue light stimulation of MS/vDB GABAergic neurons on number of FSs (j), Incidence of calcium wave events occurring simultaneously in two brain regions or in a single brain region during FS (k), Incidence of combinations of waves occurring simultaneously in two brain regions or a single brain region during FS (l). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Chi-square test for (e,k,l); Unpaired t-test for (f–j).