Table 2 Weed management (W) in sub-treatments and interaction with tillage (T) in main treatments.

From: Cumulative impact of herbicides and tillage in conservation agriculture on soil microbiome, fungal diversity and crop productivity

 

Monsoon (Cotton)

Winter (Maize)

W1:

Chemical Weed Control

W2: Herbicide Rotation (Alternative year)

W3:

IWM

W4:

Single hand- weeded Control

W1:

Chemical Weed Control

W2: Herbicide Rotation

(Alternative year)

W3: IWM

W4:

Single hand- weeded Control

T1

Diuron

Pre-emergence (PE) application 0.75 kg/ha fb tank mix application of pyrithiobacsodium 62.5 g/ha + quizalofop-ethyl 50 g/ha as PoE (Post-emergen ce application) (2–3 weed leaf stage) fb directed spray (inter-row) of paraquat 0.5

kg/ha at 50–55 DAS (vegetative to flowering stage).

Diuron PE 0.75

kg/ha fb tank mix application of pyrithiobac-sodium

62.5 g/ha + quizalofop-ethyl 50 g/ha as PoE (2 to 3 weed leaf stage) fb directed spray (inter-row) of paraquat 0.5 kg/ha at 50–55 DAS.

rotated with Pendimethalin 1 kg ha-1 fb tank mix application of pyrithiobac-sodium 62.5 g/ha + quiza- lofop ethyl 50 g/ha as PoE (2–3 weed leaf stage) fb directed spray (inter-row) of paraquat 24% SL 0.5 kg/ha at 55 DAS (vegetative to flowering stage).

Diuron PE 0.75

kg/ha fb mechanical brush cutter twice at 25

and 60 DAS.

One hand weeding was done after the critical period of weed competition i.e. between 45–50 days after sowing).

Atrazine 1.0 kg/ha + paraquat 600 g/ha PE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at

20–25 DAS

as PoE (T2, T3). Atrazine 1 kg ha-1 PE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 20–25 DAS as PoE (T1).

Atrazine 1.0 kg/ha

+ paraquat 600 g/ha PE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 20–25 DAS as PoE (T2, T3). Atrazine 1.0 kg/ha PE fb tembotrione 120 g/ha at 20–25 DAS at PoE (T1).

rotated with

Atrazine 1.0 kg/ha

+ paraquat 600 g/ha PE fb halosulfuron- methyl 67.5 g/ha at 20–25 DAS as PoE (T2, T3). Atrazine 1.0 kg/ha PE fb halosulfuron methyl 67.5 g/ha at 20–25 DAS as PoE (T1).

Tembotrione 120 g/ha & Atrazine 50% WP 0.5 kg/ha both applied as early post-emergence) EPoE fb brush cutter at 40 DAS.

One hand weeding was done after the critical period of crop weed competition i.e. between 45–50 days after sowing).

T2

T3

  1. T1 = conventional tillage (cotton) – conventional tillage (maize) – Fallow (No Sesbania rostrata), T2 = conventional tillage (cotton) – zero tillage (maize) – zero tillage (Sesbania rostrata), T3 = zero tillage (cotton) + Sesbania rostrata residues (SrR) – zero tillage (maize) + cotton residues (CR) – zero tillage (Sesbania rostrata) + maize stubbles (MS), IWM = integrated weed management. Herbicides were applied uniformly across tillage treatments.
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