Table 1 Comparison of related works.

From: Coverage optimization and node minimization in WSNs: an enhanced hybrid PSO approach with spatial position encoding

Ref.

Optimization objective

Method

19

COVR

Enhanced marine predator

20

COVR

Improved GWO

21

COVR (3D)

Enhanced GWO

22

COVR and moving distance

Vampire bat and improved virtual force

23

COVR and moving distance

MOALO

24

COVR and moving distance

Improved sand cat

25

COVR and moving distance

Improved PSO

26

COVR and energy consumption

Krill herd

27

Lifespan and number of sensors

Artificial bee colony algorithm

28

COVR and connectivity

Enhanced GWO

29

COVR and energy consumption

PSO and genetic algorithms

This work

COVR and number of sensors

Enhanced hybrid PSO