Fig. 5

Significant microbial community changes in response to time. This plot visualizes microbial genus shifts over three time points (1, 6, and 9 months), comparing Non-GM and GM samples across these periods. Each dot represents a genus, with significant abundance changes shown in red (P value < 0.05) and non-significant in blue (P value ≥ 0.05). The arrangement from left to right highlights temporal variations, with a clear distinction between GM and Non-GM conditions. The’BLANK’section at the bottom of each panel serves as a control reference.