Table 5 Gait kinetic parameters analysis results for each participant.
From: Integration of smart insoles for gait assessment in exoskeleton assisted rehabilitation
Participant | Condition | Week | Mean COP ML (cm) | Mean COP AP (cm) | Range COP ML (cm) | Range COP AP (cm) | Planar deviation (cm) | Confidence ellipse area (\(\text {cm}^2\)) | Principal sway direction (deg) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R | |||
1 | H | TEST | 4.14 (0.20) | 7.25 (0.23) | 8.69 (1.61) | 12.91 (1.99) | 1.33 (0.42) | 1.52 (0.33) | 4.87 (2.46) | 16.39 (3.90) | 9.80 (1.52) | 15.59 (1.77) | 8.00 (7.33) | 29.68 (16.97) | 6.09 (4.79) | 1.89 (2.36) |
3 | H | TEST | 4.04 (0.17) | 7.38 (0.16) | 7.97 (1.97) | 7.54 (0.93) | 0.96 (0.29) | 1.28 (0.33) | 5.58 (1.88) | 7.18 (1.99) | 9.15 (1.72) | 10.87 (0.80) | 4.74 (2.69) | 10.35 (5.10) | 5.19 (3.27) | 5.76 (4.57) |
2 | H | TEST | 4.63 (0.53) | 6.18 (0.25) | 8.92 (3.93) | 5.84 (1.78) | 1.95 (1.18) | 0.81 (0.30) | 8.15 (3.91) | 3.69 (1.39) | 10.44 (3.57) | 8.63 (1.49) | 11.44 (10.46) | 1.58 (1.07) | 7.34 (10.22) | 9.70 (4.57) |
4 | MS | 1 | 3.72 (0.63)\(^*\) | 6.22 (0.20)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.46 (1.48) | 8.23 (1.66)\(^{*\dag }\) | 1.36 (0.51) | 1.13 (0.27)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.03 (2.35)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.69 (2.48)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.59 (1.56) | 10.66 (1.35)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.61 (4.09)\(^{*\dag }\) | 12.06 (4.82)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.35 (1.56)\(^{*\dag }\) | 5.35 (6.26)\(^*\) |
6 | 3.93 (0.75)\(^\dag\) | 6.19 (0.15)\(^*\) | 8.99 (1.33) | 7.54 (2.00)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 1.32 (0.91) | 0.62 (0.28)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 6.08 (3.85)\(^*\) | 9.23 (3.32)\(^*\) | 10.05 (1.07) | 10.14 (1.50)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.91 (6.98)\(^*\) | 5.50 (2.96)\(^*\) | 8.26 (5.73)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 2.82 (5.76)\(^{*\dag }\) | ||
12 | 4.00 (0.52)\(^{*\dag }\) | 6.10 (0.29)\(^\dag\) | 8.77 (1.23) | 9.39 (2.20)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 1.43 (0.71) | 0.81 (0.47)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.15 (2.46)\(^\dag\) | 8.04 (4.58)\(^\dag\) | 9.86 (0.97) | 11.53 (1.56)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.14 (3.96)\(^\dag\) | 5.49 (3.86)\(^\dag\) | 10.40 (5.25)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 5.40 (6.78)\(^\dag\) | ||
p | 0.0348 | 0.0039 | 0.1456 | 0 | 0.1371 | 0 | 0 | 0.0204 | 0.1292 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
5 | SCI | 1 | 5.79 (0.38)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.83 (0.08)\(^{*\dag }\) | 5.02 (1.05)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.58 (0.29)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.10 (0.51) | 2.25 (0.72)\(^*\) | 8.16 (4.85)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.92 (2.47)\(^*\) | 8.06 (0.75)\(^{*\dag }\) | 12.51 (0.23)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.10 (4.43) | 8.42 (3.05)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.75 (4.24) | 2.21 (3.66)\(^{*\dag }\) |
6 | 4.71 (0.13)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.97 (0.29)\(^*\) | 7.83 (1.14)\(^*\) | 14.60 (1.17)\(^*\) | 1.97 (0.26) | 2.50 (0.69)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.80 (2.16)\(^*\) | 10.00 (2.12)\(^\dag\) | 9.52 (1.07)\(^*\) | 16.93 (1.00)\(^*\) | 10.72 (6.92) | 24.29 (10.16)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 9.39 (2.87) | 4.24 (3.73)\(^*\) | ||
12 | 5.03 (0.14)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 7.95 (0.25)\(^\dag\) | 9.22 (2.26)\(^\dag\) | 14.87 (1.49)\(^\dag\) | 1.78 (0.68) | 2.28 (0.82)\(^\dag\) | 9.95 (4.19)\(^\dag\) | 8.82 (2.37)\(^{*\dag }\) | 10.95 (2.09)\(^\dag\) | 17.10 (1.32)\(^\dag\) | 10.28 (6.76) | 21.60 (9.31)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.05 (5.37) | 3.60 (2.49)\(^\dag\) | ||
p | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0874 | 0.0031 | 0.0468 | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0 | 0.9394 | 0 | 0.0681 | 0 | ||
6 | TBI | 1 | 6.35 (0.44)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.46 (0.16)\(^{*\dag }\) | 3.54 (0.39)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.22 (1.77)\(^{*\dag }\) | 1.51 (0.62) | 1.82 (0.73)\(^*\) | 3.47 (1.53)\(^{*\dag }\) | 5.98 (2.89)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.39 (0.27)\(^{*\dag }\) | 10.59 (1.16)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.94 (3.75)\(^*\) | 6.74 (4.86)\(^{*\dag }\) | 12.66 (4.82)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.69 (11.80)\(^*\) |
6 | 5.20 (0.13)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.78 (0.40)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 10.33 (1.64)\(^*\) | 10.90 (1.55)\(^*\) | 1.66 (0.63) | 1.75 (0.63)\(^\dag\) | 10.12 (2.01)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 8.11 (3.67)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 11.97 (1.45)\(^*\) | 13.63 (1.21)\(^*\) | 15.60 (5.57)\(^{*\dag }\) | 12.90 (7.85)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 2.95 (3.94)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.67 (7.51)\(^\dag\) | ||
12 | 3.99 (1.18)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 7.02 (0.55)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 11.19 (2.88)\(^\dag\) | 10.55 (2.29)\(^\dag\) | 1.07 (0.77) | 3.90 (1.40)\(^{*\dag }\) | 6.29 (5.12)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 14.12 (4.41)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 12.28 (2.19)\(^\dag\) | 13.22 (2.17)\(^\dag\) | 6.05 (6.69)\(^\dag\) | 29.38 (10.47)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.23 (7.61)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 1.36 (1.31)\(^{*\dag }\) | ||
p | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0004 | 0.096 | 0.0015 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0 | 0.0004 | 0 | 0.0001 | 0 | 0.0004 | ||
7 | MS | 1 | 5.24 (0.05)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.18 (0.11)\(^{*\dag }\) | 5.85 (0.49)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.49 (0.34)\(^{*\dag }\) | 1.98 (0.86)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.07 (0.42)\(^{*\dag }\) | 6.31 (0.98)\(^{*\dag }\) | 8.34 (2.13)\(^*\) | 8.03 (0.33)\(^{*\dag }\) | 11.23 (0.34)\(^{*\dag }\) | 5.84 (2.93)\(^{*\dag }\) | 11.72 (4.12)\(^{*\dag }\) | 11.85 (3.71)\(^{*\dag }\) | 11.69 (4.36)\(^{*\dag }\) |
6 | 5.18 (0.11)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.61 (0.12)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 6.57 (0.70)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 8.47 (0.68)\(^*\) | 1.55 (0.64)\(^*\) | 3.84 (0.81)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.19 (0.85)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 9.03 (1.88)\(^\dag\) | 8.71 (0.51)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 11.61 (0.63)\(^*\) | 12.95 (3.62)\(^*\) | 18.13 (6.82)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 3.84 (1.85)\(^*\) | 8.90 (2.26)\(^{*\ddag }\) | ||
12 | 4.54 (0.30)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 8.03 (0.01)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 11.58 (3.60)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 8.74 (0.20)\(^\dag\) | 1.80 (0.69)\(^\dag\) | 1.15 (0.35)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 13.26 (6.22)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.20 (0.37)\(^{*\dag }\) | 13.17 (3.61)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 11.97 (0.16)\(^\dag\) | 25.27 (21.61)\(^\dag\) | 6.06 (0.90)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 5.50 (6.15)\(^\dag\) | 1.06 (0.87)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | ||
p | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0066 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
8 | MS | 1 | 4.40 (1.15)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.44 (0.04)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.97 (3.69)\(^{*\dag }\) | 6.25 (0.69)\(^{*\dag }\) | 0.81 (0.09) | 0.50 (0.16)\(^{*\dag }\) | 4.52 (0.47) | 4.83 (1.27)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.61 (2.72)\(^{*\dag }\) | 9.89 (0.50)\(^{*\dag }\) | 1.98 (0.45)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.81 (1.04)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.61 (0.68)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.88 (2.80)\(^*\) |
6 | 5.36 (0.08)\(^*\) | 7.29 (0.04)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 4.79 (0.70)\(^*\) | 5.24 (0.31)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 0.82 (0.14) | 0.35 (0.04)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 4.63 (1.40) | 3.24 (0.70)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 7.38 (0.54)\(^*\) | 9.05 (0.23)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 3.75 (4.06)\(^*\) | 1.12 (0.31)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 8.36 (2.38)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 5.79 (5.45)\(^{*\dag }\) | ||
12 | 5.04 (0.45)\(^\dag\) | 7.21 (0.03)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 5.92 (1.94)\(^\dag\) | 7.07 (0.48)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 1.68 (1.14) | 0.90 (0.07)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.41 (3.56) | 8.48 (1.28)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 8.08 (1.29)\(^\dag\) | 10.35 (0.39)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 4.04 (3.66)\(^\dag\) | 7.42 (1.83)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 11.70 (8.67)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 2.43 (0.90)\(^\dag\) | ||
p | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1177 | 0 | 0.282 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.013 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
10 | MS | 1 | 3.43 (0.85)\(^{*\dag }\) | 6.89 (0.07)\(^{*\dag }\) | 10.97 (2.18)\(^*\) | 11.88 (0.48) | 1.41 (0.96)\(^{*\dag }\) | 1.08 (0.25)\(^*\) | 6.29 (2.70)\(^*\) | 6.23 (1.10)\(^{*\dag }\) | 11.79 (1.63)\(^*\) | 13.91 (0.40) | 5.84 (6.12)\(^{*\dag }\) | 5.95 (1.45)\(^*\) | 7.54 (2.22)\(^*\) | 2.80 (1.58)\(^{*\dag }\) |
6 | 2.93 (0.18)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 6.81 (0.10)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 13.49 (0.59)\(^{*\dag }\) | 11.78 (0.94)\(^*\) | 0.84 (0.20)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 0.94 (0.20)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.76 (0.73)\(^{*\dag }\) | 7.71 (1.71)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 13.84 (0.57)\(^{*\dag }\) | 13.90 (0.81) | 2.05 (1.10)\(^{*\ddag }\) | 5.75 (2.12)\(^\dag\) | 8.65 (6.93)\(^\dag\) | 5.47 (1.78)\(^{*\ddag }\) | ||
12 | 3.28 (0.32)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 6.89 (0.18)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 11.10 (1.56)\(^\dag\) | 12.01 (0.78)\(^*\) | 0.79 (0.27)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 1.09 (0.27)\(^\dag\) | 6.71 (2.41)\(^\dag\) | 6.48 (1.56)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 11.81 (1.35)\(^\dag\) | 14.05 (0.65) | 5.52 (2.92)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | 7.99 (2.59)\(^{*\dag }\) | 2.97 (2.57)\(^{*\dag }\) | 4.14 (5.67)\(^{\dag \ddag }\) | ||
p | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0396 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.159 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
