Fig. 5

Application flow diagram. This figure illustrates the application flow diagram of the designed linear model and index for HOA diagnosis, affected leg detection, severity grades classification, and computation of HOI. The diagram begins with kinematic data acquisition from a camera or an IMU sensor, followed by HOA diagnosis and the affected leg detection. It then proceeds to severity grade classification and HOI computation. Monitoring the HOI values over time provides physiotherapists with a comprehensive view to assess the development of HOA.