Table 3 Kinetic parameters of UiO-66 prepared for the removal of rifampicin from wastewater.

Pseudo first order

\(\:\text{ln}\left({q}_{e}-{q}_{t}\right)=\text{l}\text{n}\:{q}_{e\:}-\:{\text{k}}_{1\:}t\)

q_{e cal}

K₁

Pseudo second order

\(\:\frac{\text{t}}{{\text{q}}_{\text{t}}}=\frac{1}{{\text{k}}_{2}{\text{q}}_{\text{e}}^{2}}+\frac{\text{t}}{{\text{q}}_{\text{e}}}\)

q_{e cal}

K₂

Intraparticle diffusion model

\(\:{q}_{t}\equiv\:{\text{k}}_{\text{i}\text{p}\:}\sqrt{\text{t}}+{\text{C}}_{\text{i}\text{p}}\)

C_ip

K_ip

Avrami model

\(\:\:\text{ln\:}\{\text{l}\text{n}\:\left[{\text{q}}_{\text{e}}/\left({\text{q}}_{\text{e}}-{\text{q}}_{\text{t}}\right)\right]\}\:\:\:\:=\text{n}\:\text{l}\text{n}\:\text{k}+\text{n\:ln}\text{t}\)

q_e

K_av

N_av

The Mixed 1,2-order model

q_t = q_e (1-exp(-kt)

1-f₂ exp(-kt)

K

0.98

q_e

f₂