Fig. 5

Changes in SMART-seq transcriptional profiles of B cells sorted by FACS and trajectories of B cells in relatively healthy aging, age-associated frailty, and age-independent frailty. (a) Schematic diagram of frailty assessment of young (n = 16) and old (n = 50) mice. NF-Y, 6-month-old (young) non-frail mice; NF-O, 24-month-old (old) non-frail mice; PF-Y, 6-month-old pre-frail (young) mice; PF-O, 24-month-old (old) pre-frail mice; F-O 24-month-old (old) frail mice. The figure was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license. (b) Graphic representation of frailty index values in the NF-Y, NF-O, and F-O groups. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical differences were tested using the t-test for two groups or one-way ANOVA for three groups. (c) Schematic diagram of FACS sorting of B cells. NF-Y, 6-month-old (young) non-frail mice; NF-O, 24-month-old (old) non-frail mice; F-O, 24-month-old (old) frail mice. The figure was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license. (d) Pearson’s correlation analysis of B cell SMART-seq and scRNA-seq data in AAF (F-O vs. NF-Y). (e) The Venn diagram on the left shows the intersecting genes down-regulated in B cells in AAF (F-O vs. NF-Y) analyzed using SMART-seq and scRNA-seq. The dot plot on the right shows the GO enrichment analysis of down-regulated genes intersecting in SMART-seq and scRNA-seq of B cells in AAF (F-O vs. NF-Y). (f) Pearson’s correlation analysis of SMART-seq and scRNA-seq data of B cells in AIF (F-O vs. NF-O). (g) The Venn diagram on the left shows the intersecting genes down-regulated in B cells in AIF (F-O vs. NF-O) analyzed using SMART-seq and scRNA-seq. The dot plot on the right shows the GO enrichment analysis of down-regulated genes intersecting in SMART-seq and scRNA-seq data of B cells in AIF (F-O vs. NF-O). (h-i) Discriminative dimensionality reduction (DDR) tree visualization of B-cell trajectory with age-group (h) and pseudotime (i) mapping. (j) Discriminative dimensionality reduction (DDR) tree visualization of B-cell trajectory with each age-group mapping. (k) Heatmap visualization of the expression levels of genes with correlated and anti-correlated expression profiles to B cell aging pseudotime. (l) Heatmap visualization of expression levels of genes consistent with SMART-seq data in different groups.