Table 1 Baseline characteristics of AMI hospitalizations.
From: ECMO and impella increase stroke risk in acute myocardial infarction
Variables | Medical only N = 4,370,069 | IABP only N = 136,005 | Impella only N = 41,560 | ECMO N = 10,695 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 69 (59–79) | 67 (58–75) | 68 (60–77) | 61 (53–68) | < 0.001 |
Female | 1,761,515 (40.31) | 40,355 (29.67) | 12,200 (29.36) | 2745 (25.67) | < 0.001 |
STEMI | 938,555 (21.48) | 71,900 (52.87) | 19,665 (47.32) | 6640 (62.09) | < 0.001 |
Cardiogenic shock | 185,825 (4.25) | 70,420 (51.78) | 25,065 (60.31) | 7935 (74.19) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac arrest | 166,215 (3.80) | 16,340 (12.01) | 6445 (15.51) | 2355 (22.02) | < 0.001 |
Race | < 0.001 | ||||
White | 3,089,014 (73.05) | 94,915 (72.75) | 28,735 (72.28) | 6770 (69.61) | |
Black | 513,365 (12.14) | 11,010 (8.44) | 3735 (9.40) | 1040 (10.69) | |
Hispanic | 361,655 (8.55) | 12,760 (9.78) | 3930 (9.89) | 850 (8.74) | |
Asian/pacific islander | 120,445 (2.85) | 5785 (4.43) | 1275 (3.21) | 415 (4.27) | |
Native American | 23,810 (0.56) | 805 (0.62) | 340 (0.01) | 80 (0.82) | |
Other races | 120,095 (2.84) | 5190 (3.98) | 1740 (4.38) | 570 (5.86) | |
Hypertension | 3,451,094 (78.97) | 104,835 (77.08) | 31,145 (74.94) | 6330 (59.19) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1,807,925 (41.37) | 59,050 (43.42) | 19,295 (46.43) | 3610 (33.75) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 984,340 (22.52) | 37,180 (27.34) | 10,325 (24.84) | 2775 (25.95) | < 0.001 |
History of smoke | 1,244,905 (28.49) | 35,965 (26.44) | 10,190 (24.52) | 1605 (15.01) | < 0.001 |
Obesity | 831,985 (19.04) | 27,360 (20.12) | 7845 (18.88) | 2005 (18.75) | < 0.001 |
Prior MI | 671,160 (15.36) | 18,120 (13.32) | 6110 (14.70) | 750 (7.01) | < 0.001 |
Prior PCI | 734,670 (16.81) | 17,850 (13.12) | 5705 (13.73) | 1415 (13.23) | < 0.001 |
Prior CABG | 457,540 (10.47) | 6430 (4.73) | 2825 (6.80) | 535 (5.00) | < 0.001 |
Prior stroke | 369,415 (8.45) | 7805 (5.74) | 2785 (6.70) | 330 (3.09) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease | 505,595 (11.57) | 17,110 (12.58) | 6820 (16.41) | 1760 (16.46) | < 0.001 |
Chronic lung disease | 1,052,425 (24.08) | 26,405 (19.41) | 8250 (19.85) | 1425 (13.32) | < 0.001 |
hypothyroidism | 581,775 (13.31) | 13,155 (9.67) | 4215 (10.14) | 695 (6.50) | < 0.001 |
Autoimmune conditions | 136,665 (3.13) | 3055 (2.25) | 990 (2.38) | 190 (1.78) | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 336,825 (7.71) | 3145 (2.31) | 1325 (3.19) | 70 (0.65) | < 0.001 |
Hospital size (number of beds) | < 0.001 | ||||
Small | 814,279 (18.63) | 18,110 (13.32) | 5385 (12.96) | 505 (4.72) | |
Medium | 1,326,219 (30.35) | 39,830 (29.29) | 11,705 (28.16) | 1485 (13.88) | |
Large | 2,229,571 (51.02) | 78,065 (57.40) | 24,470 (58.88) | 8705 (81.39) | |
Hospital location/teaching status | < 0.001 | ||||
Rural hospital | 352,720 (8.07) | 6175 (4.54) | 1295 (3.12) | 45 (0.42) | |
Urban nonteaching | 990,060 (22.66) | 26,525 (19.50) | 6970 (16.77) | 555 (5.19) | |
Urban teaching | 3,027,289 (69.27) | 103,305 (75.76) | 33,295 (80.11) | 10,095 (94.39) | |
Payer | < 0.001 | ||||
Medicare | 2,687,599 (61.59) | 74,935 (55.19) | 25,000 (60.26) | 4110 (38.52) | |
Medicaid | 411,855 (9.44) | 13,985 (10.30) | 3665 (8.83) | 1385 (12.98) | |
Private | 953,650 (21.85) | 35,730 (26.32) | 9460 (22.80) | 4290 (40.21) | |
Self-pay | 178,515 (4.09) | 6610 (4.87) | 2040 (4.92) | 480 (4.50) | |
No charge | 15,860 (0.36) | 530 (0.39) | 100 (0.24) | 55 (0.52) | |
Other | 116,415 (2.67) | 3985 (2.94) | 1225 (2.95) | 350 (3.28) | |
Angiography | 2,466,965 (56.45) | 119,210 (87.65) | 36,620 (88.11) | 5375 (50.26) | < 0.001 |
PCI | 1,588,700 (36.35) | 66,375 (48.80) | 33,675 (81.03) | 3910 (36.56) | < 0.001 |
CABG | 247,345 (5.66) | 51,975 (38.22) | 2900 (6.98) | 2310 (21.60) | < 0.001 |
