Table 2 Deception types of jamming with a summary of advantages and disadvantages.

From: Real-Time jamming detection using windowing and hybrid machine learning models for pre-saturation alerts

 

Type

Advantage

Disadvantage

Deception jamming41

Repeater48[,49

Easy operation, usability for military codes, simple delay control, multiple implementation potential

Known as multi-path jamming, low-success rate in deception, large error in position deception, need to isolate and filter the received signal

Generated50[,51

Signal acquisition stage52[,53

Forcing the receiver to lose tracking loop lock creates a high-power correlation peak

Increasing the noise floor, the possibility of detecting changes in the environment, the need for precise synchronization of the signal

Signal tracking stage54

Adjustable code phase and rate, prevent receiver lock loss, stealth deception in tracking mode

The need for precise phase and code rate adjustment, the risk of detection by anti-deception algorithms, the need for precise power control

Primary navigation55[,56

Simple implementation and low-cost, basic technology, easy to implement

Difficulty in achieving synchronization with the real signal, easy detection by advanced detection methods, lower efficiency in deception

Intermediate navigation55[,56[,57

Better synchronization with real signals, ability to deception military codes, good coverage and harder detection

Complex implementation, the need for external equipment and accurate synchronization, sensitivity to changes in the received signal

Advanced navigation57[,58[,59

Highly effective, difficult to detect due to advanced simulation of real conditions, comprehensive deception

Very high-cost, limited to a small area close to the target receiver, requiring precise synchronization and technological advances