Table 1 Notations description.

From: Cooperation between competitive electric vehicle manufacturers: a strategic analysis of charging pile construction

Parameters

Description

\(a\)

The potential market demand

\({\gamma }_{1},{\gamma }_{2,}{\gamma }_{3}\)

The sensitivity of EV demand to the number of charging piles in Scenarios NC, PC and FC, respectively

\({k}_{1,}{k}_{2}\)

The cost coefficient of charging pile construction for M1 and M2

\(\theta\)

The degree of substitutability (\(0 \le \theta \le 1\))

\(\mu\)

M1 investment cost sharing rate (\(0 \le \mu \le 1\))

i

i = 1 or 2

j

J = NC, PC or FC represents the three scenarios, respectively

Decision variables

 \({n}_{i}^{j}\)

The number of charging piles built by Mi in Scenario j

 \({p}_{i}^{j}\)

Evi’s price

Other notations

 \({D}_{i}^{j}\)

Evi’s demand function in Scenario j

 \({\pi }_{i}^{j}\)

Mi’s profit function in Scenario j