Fig. 2

(A) Coefficients of predictor variables were derived using LASSO Cox regression. (B) The optimal regularization parameter (lambda) was identified, exhibiting with the first black dashed line in the logarithmic scale plot. Risk scores (RS) (C) and patient survival status (D) were examined in relation to the MRG prediction model. (E) Gene expression patterns of MRGs were compared in different risk cohorts, visualized in a heatmap. (F) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis on prognosis and risk groups (p < 0.001). (G) ROC curves assessed the performance of the MRG signature for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival outcomes.