Table 9 Scalability evaluation of GraphFedAI from 25 to 200 IoT nodes.

From: GraphFedAI framework for DDoS attack detection in IoT systems using federated learning and graph based artificial intelligence

Node Count

Accuracy (%)

F1-score (%)

False positive rate (%)

Communication overhead (MB/round)

Avg. training time (s)

25

98.6

98.2

1.3

7.2

3.1

50

98.3

97.9

1.4

12.4

3.8

100

97.9

97.5

1.5

20.1

4.5

150

97.4

97.1

1.6

26.8

5.0

200

97.2

96.9

1.7

31.5

5.7

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