Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of macrophage differentiation and co-culture system. (A) Workflow for macrophage differentiation and activation towards M1 and M2-like macrophages from THP-1. (B) THP-1-derived macrophages and HSFs were co-cultured together using indirect contact in Transwell plates. HSFs were placed in the wells and macrophages were placed in the inserts.