Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: M2-like macrophages derived from THP-1 cells promote myofibroblast differentiation of synovial fibroblasts in association with the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway

Fig. 4

Effects of M1- and M2-like macrophages on expression of pro- and anti-fibrotic factors by HSFs. The data are the fold change in gene expression of pro-fibrotic markers (COL1A1, CTGF, TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic markers (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) in HSFs after co-culture for 72 h. Values are normalized relative to GAPDH. Data are expressed as individual data points and mean values from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001.

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