Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: M2-like macrophages derived from THP-1 cells promote myofibroblast differentiation of synovial fibroblasts in association with the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway

Fig. 5

TGF-β1 derived from M2-like macrophages triggers myofibroblast differentiation of HSFs. Fold change in gene expression levels of TGF-β1 in (A) HSFs and (B) macrophages quantified using RT-qPCR. Values are normalized relative to GAPDH. (C) Secreted concentrations of TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β1 cytokines in cell culture supernatants after 72 h of co-culture determined by ELISA. Data are expressed as individual data points and mean values from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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