Table 6 Robustness test.
Variable | National | Eastern region | Western region | Central region | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neighboring space weight matrix | The economic distance weight matrix | Neighboring space weight matrix | The economic distance weight matrix | Neighboring space weight matrix | The economic distance weight matrix | Neighboring space weight matrix | The economic distance weight matrix | |
PD | 0.069*** (0.021) | 0.075*** (0.024) | 0.076*** (0.022) | 0.080*** (0.025) | 0.058** (0.029) | 0.061** (0.031) | 0.048 (0.031) | 0.052 (0.033) |
UR | − 0.033* (0.017) | − 0.038** (0.019) | − 0.037** (0.018) | − 0.042** (0.020) | − 0.020 (0.020) | − 0.024 (0.022) | − 0.028 (0.019) | − 0.032 (0.021) |
SI | 0.042*** (0.016) | 0.048*** (0.017) | 0.046*** (0.017) | 0.052*** (0.018) | 0.039** (0.016) | 0.044** (0.018) | 0.036** (0.017) | 0.040** (0.019) |
PGDP | − 0.078*** (0.020) | − 0.085*** (0.022) | − 0.085*** (0.021) | − 0.091*** (0.023) | − 0.072*** (0.022) | − 0.078*** (0.024) | − 0.067*** (0.023) | − 0.073*** (0.025) |
RND | − 0.026 (0.015) | − 0.030 (0.017) | − 0.029 (0.016) | − 0.033 (0.018) | − 0.018 (0.018) | − 0.021 (0.020) | − 0.023 (0.017) | − 0.026 (0.019) |
ST | − 0.085*** (0.019) | − 0.090*** (0.021) | − 0.087*** (0.021) | − 0.092*** (0.023) | − 0.079*** (0.021) | − 0.085*** (0.023) | − 0.071*** (0.022) | − 0.076*** (0.024) |
EI | 0.111*** (0.024) | 0.116*** (0.027) | 0.117*** (0.026) | 0.122*** (0.029) | 0.107*** (0.025) | 0.112*** (0.028) | 0.102*** (0.028) | 0.108*** (0.030) |
ρ | 0.265*** (0.044) | 0.273*** (0.046) | 0.294*** (0.047) | 0.301*** (0.049) | 0.310*** (0.049) | 0.318*** (0.051) | ||
λ | 0.215*** (0.051) | 0.222*** (0.053) | ||||||
R2 | 0.709 | 0.715 | 0.732 | 0.738 | 0.695 | 0.701 | 0.668 | 0.674 |
