Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Sodium formate-induced mitochondrial impairment and cytotoxicity in neuronal cells reveal crucial pathogenic mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy and retinopathy

Fig. 3

Effect of SF on mitochondrial density and structure in HT22 cells. (A–C) Effect of SF on the relative mitochondrial density (flow cytometry, stained with MitoTracker deep red) following treatment with 25, 50 and 75 mM SF for 24 h (A), 48 h (B) and 72 h (C). Each quantitative value is the mean ± S.D (n = 3). * and ** denote for P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, compared to the respective control group. (D–G) TEM images showing the structures of mitochondria in control cells. (H–K) Effect of SF on mitochondrial structures (TEM images) following treatment with 25 mM SF for 48 h. (L–O) Type II (L, M) and type III (N, O) mitochondrial autophagy. (P–S) Autophagosomes (P, Q) and autolysosomes (R, S).

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