Table 1 Summary of land use systems in the watershed.
Land use type | Dominant species | Elevation range (m) | Disturbance history |
|---|---|---|---|
Deodar forest | Cedrus deodara | 1800–2000 | Undisturbed, old-growth stand |
Oak forest | Quercus spp., Pinus roxburghii | 1700–1900 | > 90 years old, no major disturbances |
Agricultural land | Finger millet, lentil, pulses | 1600–1750 | Regular tillage, organic manure; no chemical inputs |
Barren land | Sparse grass (non-dominant) | 1650–1800 | Fallow for > 15 years, no land use |
